基模(schema)是认知心理学的一个重要概念,是知识表征(knowledge representation)的一种。是瑞士心理学家皮亚杰在研究儿童成长和认知发展过程之际提出的一个概念,后被广泛应用到教育学、信息处理学和传播学研究当中。所谓基模,指的是人的认知行为的基本模式,或者叫心智结构、认知结构或者认知导引结构。
Schemata are generalized knowledge about objects, situations, and events.
For example, your knowledge of what you might expect to see when you go to a play is represented in a schema.
You would expect scenery, costumes, actors, props, separate acts, and an intermission. Schemata are abstract knowledge representatio