胡椒属（学名：Piper L.）是胡椒科下一个属，灌木或攀援藤本，稀草本或小乔木，有香气；茎节膨大；外层维管束联合成环，内面的成1或2列散生。托叶多少贴生于叶柄，早落，茎节具隆起环状托叶痕；叶互生，全缘。花单性，雌雄异株，稀两性或杂性，穗状花序与叶对生，稀为腋生穗状花序组成的伞形复花序。苞片小，离生，稀与花序轴合生，常盾状；雄蕊2-6,着生于花序轴，稀着生于子房基部，花药2室，2-4裂；子房离生或有时嵌生于花序轴，1胚珠，柱头(2)3-5。核果倒卵圆形、卵圆形或球形，稀长圆形，红或黄色，无柄或具柄。
叶：托叶多少贴生于叶柄，早落，茎节具隆起环状托叶痕；叶互生，全缘。
花：花单性，雌雄异株，稀两性或杂性，穗状花序与叶对生，稀为腋生穗状花序组成的伞形复花序。苞片小，离生，稀与花序轴合生，常盾状；雄蕊2-6,着生于花序轴，稀着生于子房基部，花药2室，2-4裂；子房离生或有时嵌生于花序轴，1胚珠，柱头(2)3-5。
果：核果倒卵圆形、卵圆形或球形，稀长圆形，红或黄色，无柄或具柄。
亚属 | 组 | 种 |
|---|---|---|
费氏胡椒 Piper ferriei C. DC. 哈氏胡椒 Piper harmandii C. DC. 岩椒 Piper pubicatulum C. DC. | ||
仁盈亚属Subgen. Coccobryon (Klotzsch )C. DC. | 中华胡椒 Piper chinense 大苗山胡椒 Piper damiaoshanense 河池胡椒 Piper hochiense 短蒟 Piper mullesua | |
胡椒亚属Subgen. Piper | 离苞组Sect. Chavica (Miq.) Hook. f. | 兰屿胡椒Piper arborescens Roxb. 小叶爬崖香Piper arboricola C. DC. 华南胡椒Piper austrosinense Y. Q. Tseng 竹叶胡椒Piper bambusifolium Y. Q. Tseng 腺脉蒟Piper bavinum C. DC. 蒌叶Piper betle L. 苎叶蒟Piper boehmeriifolium (Miq.) Wall. ex C. DC. 光轴苎叶蒟Piper boehmeriifolium (Miq.) Wall. ex C. DC. var. tonkinense C. DC. 复毛胡椒Piper bonii C. DC. 大叶复毛胡椒Piper bonii C. DC. var. macrophyllum Y. Q. Tseng 细苞胡椒Piper curtipedunculum C. DC. 黄花胡椒Piper flaviflorum C. DC. 光茎胡椒Piper glabricaule C. DC. 山蒟Piper hancei Maxim. 风藤Piper kadsura (Choisy) Ohwi 恒春胡椒Piper kawakamii Hayata 绿岛胡椒Piper kwashoense Hayata 荜拔Piper longum L. 粗梗胡椒Piper macropodum C. DC. 毛山蒟Piper martinii C. DC. 尼泊尔胡椒Piper nepalense Miq. 裸果胡椒Piper nudibaccatum Y. Q. Tseng 角果胡椒Piper pedicellatum C. DC. 台东胡椒Piper philippinum Miq. 线梗胡椒Piper pleiocarpum C.C. Chang ex Y. Q. Tseng 肉轴胡椒Piper ponesheense C. DC. 毛叶胡椒Piper puberulilimbum C. DC. 毛蒟Piper puberulum (Benth.) Maxim. 岩参Piper pubicatulum C. DC. 假荜拔Piper retrofractum Vahl 红果胡椒Piper rubrum C. DC. 缘毛胡椒Piper semiimmersum C. DC. 斜叶蒟Piper senporeiense Yamam. 华山蒌Piper sinense (Champ. ex Benth.) C. DC. 滇南胡椒Piper spirei C. DC. 多脉胡椒Piper submultinerve C. DC. 狭叶多脉胡椒Piper submultinerve C. DC. var. nandanicum Y. Q. Tseng 长柄胡椒Piper sylvaticum Roxb. 思茅胡椒Piper szemaoense C. DC. 顶花胡椒Piper terminaliflorum Y. Q. Tseng 球穗胡椒Piper thomsonii (C. DC.) Hook.f. 小叶球穗胡椒Piper thomsonii (C. DC.) Hook.f. var. microphyllum Y. Q. Tseng 三色胡椒Piper tricolor Y. Q. Tseng 粗穗胡椒Piper tsangyuanense P. S. Chen & P. C. Zhu 石南藤Piper wallichii (Miq.) Hand.-Mazz. 盈江胡椒Piper yinkiangense Y. Q. Tseng 蒟子Piper yunnanense Y. Q. Tseng |
胡椒组Sect. Piper | 卵叶胡椒Piper attenuatum Buch.-Ham. ex Miq. 勐海胡椒Piper chaudocanum C. DC. 海南蒟Piper hainanense Hemsl. 疏果胡椒Piper interruptum Opiz 大叶蒟Piper laetispicum C. DC. 陵水胡椒Piper lingshuiense Tseng 柄果胡椒Piper mischocarpum Tseng 变叶胡椒Piper mutabile C. DC. 胡椒Piper nigrum L. 屏边胡椒Piper pingbienense Tseng 樟叶胡椒Piper polysyphorum C. DC. 短柄胡椒Piper stipitiforme Chang ex Tseng |
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